Prevalence of epilepsy in children with structural heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Children with structural heart disease (SHD), particularly congenital heart disease (CHD), are increasingly recognised as being at risk of adverse neurological outcomes. Although advances in cardiac surgery and perioperative care have markedly improved survival, epilepsy has emerged as an important long-term complication. Reported prevalence estimates vary considerably across studies, and the overall burden remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of epilepsy among children with SHD and explore differences according to geographic region, lesion characteristics, and surgical exposure. Methods: This systematic review and me