Determinants of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Efficacy in Tobacco Use Disorder: A Pre-Registered Study

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for tobacco use disorder (TUD). Although at a group level, active stimulation outperforms sham, at an individual level, variability exists in clinical response. The behavioral and neurobiological factors that differentiate those who respond to rTMS from those who do not remain unclear. To explore individual factors that influence acute responses to rTMS, N = 60 human participants received one session of rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and to a control region (visual cortex; V5) in a randomized order. They completed behavioral assessments and neuroimaging before and after rTMS sessions. Hypotheses