Sex-Specific Patterns of Left Ventricular Remodeling Using Regional Wall Thickness Data and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is associated with impaired cardiac function and future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current remodeling definitions use broad categorizations based on hypertrophy and mean wall thickness. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides detailed characterization of regional myocardial wall properties, which may enhance sex-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification. Objectives: We aimed to identify detailed LV remodeling patterns, their associations with CVD risk, and their clinical predictors. Methods: LV wall thickness data were obtained by CMR in three independent population-based cohorts (SHIP-TREND-0, n=931; SHIP-START-2, n=4