Biomechanical Analysis of Dynamic Gripping in Manual Laborers Exhibiting Work-Related Scapholunate Instability Signs

ABSTRACT Background: Scapholunate instability (SLI) represents the most prevalent form of carpal instability and is increasingly recognized as a clinically significant occupational condition in manual-labor populations. Repetitive forceful gripping, sustained wrist loading, and awkward joint postures inherent to construction, manufacturing, and heavy industry may predispose workers to progressive scapholunate ligament compromise; however, the specific biomechanical mechanisms underlying dynamic grip force transmission in symptomatic laborers remain poorly characterized. Objective: This study aimed to quantify dynamic grip force profiles and wrist kinematics in manual laborers exhibiting clin