Micro-Costing Analysis for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Services for Out-of-School (OOS) Girls in Indonesia: Evidence from a Pilot Study

Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection responsible for nearly all cases. The government has integrated HPV vaccination into the national School Children Immunization Month (BIAS). However, out-of-school (OOS) girls remain difficult to reach because they are not covered by the school-based vaccination platform. Micro-costing approach was used to estimate both economic and financial costs of delivering HPV vaccination to OOS girls in Bekasi City, Bandar Lampung City, and Bangka District. This study aimed to estimate the cost of delivering a single-dose HPV vaccination program to OOS girls and to project the national-level