Comparative Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Advanced Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis of TIL and Engineered Viral Vector Therapies

Melanoma remains a treatment-refractory malignancy in a subset of patients despite major advances with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and engineered viral vector immunotherapies represent mechanistically distinct strategies for advanced melanoma, but their comparative clinical roles remain incompletely defined. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis evaluated clinical outcomes of TIL therapy and engineered viral vector immunotherapies in adults with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and grey literature sources identified 12 contemporary eligible studies published