Interplay of Structural Heterogeneity and Active Remodeling Controls Chromatin Condensate Organization and Dynamics

Chromatin is an actively remodeled polymeric system whose organization emerges from the interplay of equilibrium interactions and ATP-dependent processes. Recent in vitro experiments show that nucleosome spacing and ATP-dependent remodeler activity significantly influence chromatin condensate properties. Here, guided by these observations, we develop a hierarchy of coarse-grained models that systematically dissect the roles of nucleosome spacing, remodeler-mediated binding-unbinding kinetics, and active force generation in governing condensate dynamics. We demonstrate that nucleosome spacing heterogeneity is a key determinant of condensate material properties. Condensates formed from regular