Breast cancer is linked to changes in the urinary extracellular vesicle proteome

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection remains the most effective strategy for improving prognosis. We explored the urinary extracellular vesicle (uEV) proteome for changes linked to BC which could also be potential biomarkers. Urine samples were collected from 20 participants across four groups (n = 5 each): newly diagnosed BC patients, benign breast disease (BBD) patients, individuals with breast cancer symptoms (symptom control, SC), and age-matched healthy controls (HC). EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography and extracted proteins were analysed using a GeLC proteomic approach. Proteins were identified and quantifie