Cognitive Outcomes After Stenting and Endarterectomy: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundCarotid artery stenosis may contribute to cognitive impairment through chronic hypoperfusion and subclinical ischemic injury. Although carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) reduce stroke risk, their cognitive effects remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate cognitive outcomes after these interventions. MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to November 2025. Eligible studies reported cognitive outcomes after CEA or CAS, either alone or in direct comparison. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for Mini-Mental State Examination (MM