Wearable Vibration Neuromodulation for Freezing of Gait: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is provoked by turning, doorways and dual-task walking. We evaluated WALK, a cadence-linked vibration neuromodulation combined with motor-learning training. Methods: Single-centre, sham-controlled pilot randomised trial. Adults with PD (Hoehn and Yahr 2 to 4) and neurologist-verified FOG were randomised 1:1 to intervention (WALK; vibration enabled) or sham (WALK; vibration disabled), alongside identical supervised home-based training for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). OFF-medication assessments were performed at S0, S8 and S16. At S8 and S16, assessments were completed without a device and then with a device (fixed order). The pr