Canine Rabies in NDjamena: A Metapopulation SEIR Model Incorporating Vaccination and Inter-Patch Distances

Canine rabies persists in NDjamena (Chad) despite vaccination campaigns exceeding 70% coverage, suggesting a role for dog mobility and spatial heterogeneity. We propose a metapopulation SEIR model incorporating distance-modulated dog movements and an explicit vaccinated class. Analysis of the isolated patch establishes global stability of the disease-free equilibrium via a Lyapunov function. For the metapopulation, a composite Lyapunov function shows that elimination is governed by a reproduction number [R]v. Calibrated with field data (2012-2022), simulations reveal that uniform vaccination of both patches reduces [R]v by 46% (from 2.84 to 1.52) but does not achieve elimination, while targe