Geospatial Impact Indexing of Agricultural Incidents: A Multi-Criteria Risk Assessment in the U.S. Midwest

Traditional agricultural safety assessments often rely on raw incident counts that emphasize exposure but underrepresent outcome severity. This study presents a multi-criteria impact framework to distinguish frequency-driven activity patterns from severity-driven risk across the U.S. Midwest. Agricultural incident records from 2012 to 2023 across seven states were analyzed using descriptive statistics, county-level mapping, and quartic kernel density estimation. Comparative impact indices were constructed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geometric-Fuzzy AHP weighting schemes to integrate incident frequency, outcome severity, and post-incident survivability. Results indicate that wh