A natural soil-derived microbiota reshapes nitrogen form and plant mineral nutrition

Nitrogen form in soil has a major influence on plant growth and mineral nutrition, yet whether and how nitrogen form is controlled by microbiota in natural soils remains poorly understood. Here we show that, in a high-organic-matter soil from Danish nature, the native soil microbiota determines nitrogen form and thereby controls plant mineral nutrition. Eliminating the microbiota by sterilization disrupted nitrification, causing ammonium accumulation and loss of nitrate, which resulted in impaired growth and a pronounced reduction in shoot Mg and Ca associated with chlorosis. Reintroduction of a simplified soil-derived microbiota restored nitrification and re-established a balanced NO{square